服務(wù)熱線(xiàn)
010-68173889
作者:博醫康來(lái)源:北京博醫康實(shí)驗儀器有限公司 發(fā)表日期:2015年3月22日 11:45
【摘要】 本研究探討冷凍干燥保存血小板的方法,以獲得可長(cháng)期凍干保存的血小板制品,使之能在常溫條件下保存、占用空間小、重量輕、便于長(cháng)距離運輸,能夠滿(mǎn)足突發(fā)事件和戰傷救治的需要。在冷凍干燥保存過(guò)程中添加血小板可逆性激活抑制劑、DMSO和海藻糖等低溫保護劑,進(jìn)行預處理、冷凍、一級干燥、二級干燥,再水化,并同時(shí)測定血小板回收率,凝血酶聚集反應,促凝血功能,CD62p表達率和PAC1表達率等。結果表明:血小板回收率為56.29%,其對凝血酶的聚集反應與對照組無(wú)明顯差異,對ADP和丙基沒(méi)食子酸誘導的聚集反應較對照組分別降低49.34%和26.25%,促凝血功能與對照組比較也無(wú)統計學(xué)差異;凍干血小板CD62p表達率為42.36%,PAC1表達率為2.12%,凝血酶激活后CD62p再表達率為50.88%,PAC1再表達率為54.55%。結論:添加血小板可逆性激活抑制劑,海藻糖和DMSO后的凍干血小板,其聚集活性和促凝血功能與新鮮血小板無(wú)明顯差異,血小板可逆性激活抑制劑降低了凍干血小板的CD62p表達,增強了凍干血小板的生存能力,因而延長(cháng)了其生存時(shí)間,因此可以該凍干方法為基礎進(jìn)一步提高凍干保存血小板的效率。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 可逆性激活抑制劑
Experimental Study on Lyophilization of Plaets
Abstract The aim of this study was to search a procedure of plaet lyophilization and find a way of longterm sto rage of human plaets at normal temperature with smaller size and lighter weight, to be convenient to transport at long distance thus to meet the demands in accidents and war time. Human plaets were pretreated by freezing, the first and the second desiccation, and were added with reversible activationinhibitors of plaets, DMSO and trehalose, then were rehydrated. At the same time, the recovery rate of plaets, plaet maximal aggregation induced by thrombin, coagulation of plaets, CD62p expression and PAC1 expression were assayed. The results indicated that the recovery rate of the plalelets was 56.29%. The plaet maximal aggregation induced by thrombin had no significant difference between lyophilized plaets and the fresh plaetrich plasma (FPRP), but the aggregation of plaets induced by ADP or propyl gallate was decreased by 49.34% and 26.25%. Coagulation of the lyophilized plaets was not significantly different from FPRP. CD62p expression of the lyophilized plaets (42.36%) was higher than that in FPRP while PAC1 expression was 2.12%. CD62p reexpression rate induced by thrombin was 50.88% and PAC1 reexpression was 54.55%. It is concluded that the ability of recovered lyophilized plaets added with reversible activationinhibitors, DMSO and trehalose to aggregate and coagulate has showed no significant difference as compared with FPRP. The reversible activationinhibitors can decrease CD62p expression of lyophilized plaets, and may enhance their survival ability and prolongate survival time. Therefore the efficiency of lyophilizing plaets can be improved based on this freezedrying procedure.
Key words plaet; lyophilization; activationinhibitor; trehalose; DMSO
由于凍干制品能在常溫下保存、性能穩定、便于運輸,因而冷凍干燥技術(shù)已廣泛應用于各種生物材料的保存。目前的血小板保存方法使其應用和運輸受到很大的限止,凍干是血小板的保存方法,凍干的血小板能在常溫條件下保存、占用空間小、重量輕、便于運輸等,尤其能應付突發(fā)事件以及戰場(chǎng)救治的需要。因此,凍干保存血小板的研究幾十年來(lái)一直吸引著(zhù)各國學(xué)者的關(guān)注。本研究利用海藻糖、可逆性血小板功能抑制劑和二甲亞砜等低溫保護劑,冷凍干燥保存血小板,現將研究結果報告如下。
材料和方法
血小板來(lái)源
血小板取自自愿供血者。自愿供血者獻血前1天內禁飲含酒精類(lèi)飲料,2周內未服用阿司匹林等抗血小板及抗凝血的藥物。應用COBE Spectra血液分離機采集濃縮血小板(PCs)。
主要試劑及溶液
試劑 植酸鈉(Phylocid sodium, Sigma公司產(chǎn)品),百維利肽(Bivalirudin, Medicine公司產(chǎn)品)左旋精氨酸(Larginine, Sigma公司產(chǎn)品),PGE1(商品名保達新)、海藻糖(trehalose)購自南寧中諾生物工程公司)、二甲亞砜(DMSO,天津醫藥公司產(chǎn)品)。熒光素標記的特異性血小板膜表面抗體及相關(guān)多肽:PAC1-FITC, CD62P-PE,CD61-PerCP,MIgGI-PE等購自Becton Dickinson公司;RGDS肽和GPRP (GlyProArgPro乙酸鹽)購自Sigma公司產(chǎn)品。血小板聚集誘導劑包括:凝血酶(thrombin, Sigma公司產(chǎn)品),二磷酸腺苷(ADP, Sigma公司產(chǎn)品),丙基沒(méi)食子酸(Propyl gallate, Analytical ControlSystems公司產(chǎn)品)。
MEK6108K型全自動(dòng)血細胞分析儀(Nihon Kohden公司產(chǎn)品),APACT2聚集儀(德國Lanbo公司產(chǎn)品),FACSCalibur流式細胞儀(Becton Dickinson公司產(chǎn)品)和CellQuest分析軟件, Centrifuge 5415D離心機(Eppendorf),Biofuge15R(Heraeus公司產(chǎn)品),臺式冷凍干燥機(TFFD1)。
實(shí)驗分組
實(shí)驗為配伍設計,5份PCs,各準備15 ml。設對照組和2個(gè)實(shí)驗組,對照組為新鮮富含血小板血漿(FPRP),不進(jìn)行任何處理。每份PCs分3個(gè)試管,2ml/tube,分至各組,剩余的離心(2 287×g,15分鐘),留取少量血小板血漿(PPP)備用。
前處理(海藻糖負載)
血小板中加入預處理液,實(shí)驗組1含海藻糖 45 mmol/L和DMSO 3%,實(shí)驗組2含海藻糖 45 mmol/L,DMSO 3%,PGE1 1 μmol/L,LArg 5 mmol/L,Phy 0.5 mmol/L和Bivaridin 0.5 μmol/L。將各組樣品混勻后,37℃水浴4小時(shí),每20分鐘振搖1次。
血小板冷凍干燥、預水化和再水化
血小板懸液1 111×g離心8分鐘,用冷凍干燥液1 ml(HEPES 9.5 mmol/L,NaCl 142.5 mmol/L,KCl 4.8 mmol/L,MgCl2 1.0 mmol/L, trehalose 150.0 mmol/L,PGE1 1 μmol/L, LArg 5 mmol/L,Phy 0.5 mmol/L, Bivaridin 0.5 μmol/L,DMSO 3%,人血清白蛋白 5%)在硅化后的玻璃瓶中重懸血小板,血小板PCT為40%-50%,干燥厚度<1 cm,進(jìn)行冷凍干燥。
冷凍 ①以5℃/分鐘的速度從22℃降至-5℃; ②以2℃/分鐘從-5℃降至-60℃; ③ -60℃以下維持1小時(shí)以上。
干燥 一級干燥,-30℃,1小時(shí),50 mTorr;二級干燥,架上溫度以0.2℃/分鐘的速度從-30℃升至20℃,50 mTorr。一級干燥和二級干燥之間采用快速直接升溫,避免梯度升溫。真空干燥完畢后,樣品室溫下在凍干機中至少放置24小時(shí),然后用于試驗或封裝保存室溫或4℃放置。
預水化 凍干的血小板在37℃濕度飽和的密閉環(huán)境中水浴4小時(shí),使水含量達25%左右。
再水化 預水化處理后,按1∶4進(jìn)入等滲的復水液/H2O(3/1, V/V)中再水化。復水液含NaCl 116.0 mmol/L,枸櫞酸鈉 13.6 mmol/L,Na2HPO4 8.6 mmol/L, KH2PO4 1.6 mmol/L, EDTA 0.9 mmol/L,葡萄糖 11.1 mmol/L,PGE1 1μmol/L,LArg 5 mmol/L,Phy 0.5 mmol/L,Bivaridin 0.5 μmol/L,DMSO 3%,pH=6.8。
血小板回收率
血小板回收率=(復水后血小板數目/凍干前血小板數目)×100%
血小板聚集試驗
各誘導劑作用濃度為thrombin 1 U/ml,ADP 20 μmol/L, propyl gallate 50 μl。PPP聚集率為0%,PRP聚集率為100%。原血漿調整PRP血小板濃度至(200-300)×106/ml,反應體積250 μl。
血小板膜表面CD62p、PAC1的表達率
采用流式細胞術(shù)(FCM)測定血小板膜表面CD62p、PAC1d陽(yáng)性表達率,操作參照常規檢查步驟。以CD61表達和SSC作為選定血小板的條件R1,獲取10 000個(gè)血小板(速度300個(gè)/秒)進(jìn)行FL1(PAC1-FITC)和FL2(CD62p-PE)雙參數分析。以陰性對照管,調節陽(yáng)性區的假陽(yáng)性率<1%,用單純血小板和各陽(yáng)性單染(抗CD61單染,抗CD62p單染和抗PAC1單染對照)加陰性對照校正熒光FL1,FL2。建立獲取模式后檢測測定管。
聯(lián)系方式
郵件:sale@boyikang.com